part of that "social production of life ', which is the story, one must distinguish, according to Marx, two basic elements: the productive forces and relations of production. Since these concepts are the basis of Marxist historical science, it is impor ¬ many good grasp from the outset, the precise meaning. For
"productive forces" Marx means all the elements necessary to pro ¬ tion process, that is, basically:
four men who produce (the workforce); 4
the means used to produce (the means of production: land, - machines etc.).
the scientific and technical knowledge in-there - you need to organize and improve production. For
"relations of production 'Marx means relationships that develop between the men ¬ tion during production and regulate the possession and use of means of work ¬ ro, and distribution-through of what they produce. The production relations find their expression in legal property relations.
productive forces and production relations are, in their entirety, the "mode of production of a certain period. The set of relations of production or, more generally, the economic base which is expressed in the "mode of production" and is relative ¬ dialectic between productive forces and relations of production-are the "structure", which is the economic backbone of society, understood as a complex organism. Compared to the social whole, in fact, the property is the concrete pedestal on which rises a legal and political superstructure ¬ co-culture. In other words, the term "superstructure" (from the German Uberbau, it consists of thermal ¬ iiber, "above", and Bau, "construction") indicates that the second mate ¬ imperialism historical legal relations, the political forces, doctrines, ethical, artistic, philosophical and religious should not be understood, idealistically, as a reality in themselves, but as more or less direct expressions of the relationships that define the struc ¬ tion of a given society history. As a result, not the law, the State, political parties, religions, philosophies, etc.. to determine the economic structure of society (historical idealism), but the economic structure of society to determine the laws, the state, religions, philosophical, etc. ¬ fie. (Historical materialism). From the above it is clear how ter ¬ mine "materialism", used by Marx for its call doctrine, no suggestion, as in traditional philosophical language, the metaphysical thesis that matter is the substance and the cause of things (only Engels found the material intended as a comprehensive doctrine of the universe: see par. "The thought of Engels , p. 116), but to the belief that the true motive forces of history are not under ¬ spi ritual, as it was mostly the earlier philosophers, but a socio-economic status. In other words, the historical materialism of Marx opposed controversially historical idealism.
0 comments:
Post a Comment